Ruby

An unauthenticated attacker can trigger a denial-of-service condition in applications using the Faraday Ruby library by sending deeply nested query parameters (CVE-2026-54297), leading to `SystemStackError` and application crashes due to uncontrolled recursion.

The `Oj.dump` function in the Ruby `oj` gem, when operating in object mode, is vulnerable to a heap buffer overflow (CVE-2026-54896) when serializing `Exception` objects with an excessively large `:indent` value, leading to memory corruption and potential denial of service or remote code execution.

A heap use-after-free vulnerability (CVE-2026-54897) exists in `Oj::Doc` iterators (`each_value`, `each_child`, `each_leaf`) in the `oj` Ruby gem, allowing an attacker to cause application crashes or unpredictable behavior when a Ruby block yielded during iteration reentrantly calls `doc.close` or `d.close`.

The `Oj.dump` function in the `Oj` Ruby gem is vulnerable to a stack-based buffer overflow (CVE-2026-54502) due to improper validation of the `:indent` parameter, allowing an attacker to trigger a process crash or potentially remote code execution by providing an excessively large integer value, affecting all `Oj` gem versions prior to `3.17.2`.

An unauthenticated API endpoint, `GET /api/pages/nested`, in Alchemy CMS versions up to 8.2.5 (including all 8.x versions prior to a fix and all 7.x versions up to 7.4.14), fails to enforce authorization and scoping checks, allowing any anonymous user to retrieve the complete page tree, encompassing restricted and unpublished pages, and, with `?elements=true`, the full content of these sensitive pages, completely bypassing intended access controls and leading to unauthorized information disclosure.

A remote, anonymous attacker can exploit multiple vulnerabilities in Ruby to cause a denial-of-service condition and disclose confidential information.

A remote, anonymous attacker can exploit a vulnerability in Ruby and Ruby on Rails to bypass security measures and execute arbitrary code.

A remote, anonymous attacker can exploit multiple unspecified vulnerabilities in Ruby to perform a denial of service attack or disclose sensitive information.

A deserialization vulnerability exists in Ruby ERB versions before 4.0.3.1, version 4.0.4, ERB versions 5.0.0 before 6.0.1.1, and ERB versions 6.0.2 before 6.0.4. The `@_init` instance variable guard in `ERB#result` and `ERB#run` can be bypassed via `ERB#def_module`, `ERB#def_method`, and `ERB#def_class`, allowing arbitrary code execution when an ERB object is reconstructed via `Marshal.load` on untrusted data.

The bsv-sdk and bsv-wallet packages are vulnerable to credential forgery because the `acquire_certificate` function persists certificate records to storage without verifying the certifier's signature, allowing attackers to forge identity certificates.

BSV Ruby SDK versions before 0.8.2 improperly handle ARC responses, treating certain failure statuses as successful broadcasts, potentially tricking applications into trusting unaccepted transactions; version 0.8.2 resolves this vulnerability.

Rack versions prior to 2.2.23, 3.1.21, and 3.2.6 are vulnerable to information disclosure due to improper static file serving via a prefix matching issue in Rack::Static.

Avo framework version 3.x contains a critical Broken Access Control vulnerability in the ActionsController. Due to insecure action lookup logic, an authenticated user can execute any Action class on any resource, even if the action is not registered for that specific resource. This leads to Privilege Escalation and unauthorized data manipulation across the entire application. Version 3.31.2 remediates this issue.