{"description":"Trending threats, MITRE ATT\u0026CK coverage, and detection metadata — refreshed continuously.","feed_url":"https://feed.craftedsignal.io/tags/firebird/","home_page_url":"https://feed.craftedsignal.io/","items":[{"_cs_actors":[],"_cs_cves":[],"_cs_exploited":false,"_cs_products":[],"_cs_severities":["critical"],"_cs_tags":["firebird","vulnerability","sqldatabase"],"_cs_type":"advisory","_cs_vendors":[],"content_html":"\u003cp\u003eThe Firebird database server contains multiple unspecified vulnerabilities that could allow a remote attacker to compromise a vulnerable system. Successful exploitation could lead to arbitrary code execution with administrator privileges, sensitive information disclosure, or a denial-of-service condition. Public details are scarce, but given the potential impact, patching is highly recommended. The scope of affected Firebird installations is currently unknown, but any publicly exposed instance is a potential target. Defenders should prioritize identifying and patching vulnerable Firebird servers within their environments.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"attack-chain\"\u003eAttack Chain\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAttacker identifies a vulnerable Firebird database server exposed to the network.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAttacker leverages an unspecified vulnerability in Firebird to gain initial access. This may involve sending a specially crafted network request to a vulnerable port.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUpon successful exploitation, the attacker executes arbitrary code within the context of the Firebird process.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe attacker escalates privileges to administrator level, leveraging a separate vulnerability or misconfiguration within the Firebird environment.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eWith administrator privileges, the attacker can access sensitive data stored within the database, including user credentials, financial records, or other confidential information.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAlternatively, the attacker may choose to inject malicious code into the database, compromising the integrity of the data.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe attacker could also trigger a denial-of-service condition by sending a flood of requests to the server or by exploiting a vulnerability that causes the server to crash.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe attacker maintains persistence by creating a new administrative user or modifying existing user accounts.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"impact\"\u003eImpact\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSuccessful exploitation of these vulnerabilities could result in complete compromise of the Firebird database server. This could lead to the theft of sensitive data, the corruption of data, or the disruption of services that rely on the database. The impact depends on the sensitivity of the data stored in the database and the criticality of the services that depend on it. A successful attack could result in significant financial losses, reputational damage, and legal liabilities.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"recommendation\"\u003eRecommendation\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMonitor network traffic for suspicious activity targeting Firebird database servers. Use network intrusion detection systems (NIDS) to detect and block malicious traffic (network_connection category).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eImplement strict access controls to limit access to Firebird database servers to only authorized users and systems.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eApply any available patches or updates for Firebird to address these vulnerabilities as soon as possible.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDeploy the Sigma rules provided to detect potential exploitation attempts (process_creation, network_connection categories).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n","date_modified":"2026-04-20T10:29:07Z","date_published":"2026-04-20T10:29:07Z","id":"/briefs/2026-04-firebird-vulns/","summary":"Multiple vulnerabilities in Firebird allow an attacker to execute arbitrary code with administrator privileges, disclose sensitive information, or cause a denial-of-service condition.","title":"Multiple Vulnerabilities in Firebird Database Server","url":"https://feed.craftedsignal.io/briefs/2026-04-firebird-vulns/"},{"_cs_actors":[],"_cs_cves":[{"cvss":8.2,"id":"CVE-2026-28224"}],"_cs_exploited":false,"_cs_products":[],"_cs_severities":["high"],"_cs_tags":["cve-2026-28224","denial-of-service","firebird","database"],"_cs_type":"advisory","_cs_vendors":[],"content_html":"\u003cp\u003eCVE-2026-28224 describes a denial-of-service vulnerability affecting Firebird, an open-source relational database management system. The vulnerability exists in versions prior to 5.0.4, 4.0.7, and 3.0.14. An unauthenticated attacker can exploit this vulnerability by sending a crafted \u003ccode\u003eop_crypt_key_callback\u003c/code\u003e packet to the server. When the server receives this packet without prior authentication, the \u003ccode\u003eport_server_crypt_callback\u003c/code\u003e handler is not initialized, resulting in a null pointer dereference. This leads to a server crash, effectively causing a denial-of-service condition. The attacker only needs to know the server\u0026rsquo;s IP address and port to trigger this vulnerability. The vulnerability has been patched in Firebird versions 5.0.4, 4.0.7 and 3.0.14.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"attack-chain\"\u003eAttack Chain\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe attacker identifies a vulnerable Firebird server by scanning for exposed ports (typically 3050).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe attacker establishes a TCP connection with the targeted Firebird server on the identified port.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe attacker crafts a malicious \u003ccode\u003eop_crypt_key_callback\u003c/code\u003e packet. This packet does not require prior authentication.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe attacker sends the crafted \u003ccode\u003eop_crypt_key_callback\u003c/code\u003e packet to the Firebird server.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUpon receiving the packet, the server attempts to process the request in the \u003ccode\u003eport_server_crypt_callback\u003c/code\u003e handler.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eBecause no prior authentication has occurred, the \u003ccode\u003eport_server_crypt_callback\u003c/code\u003e handler is not properly initialized, leading to a null pointer dereference.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe null pointer dereference causes the Firebird server process to crash.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Firebird database server becomes unavailable, resulting in a denial-of-service condition for legitimate users.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"impact\"\u003eImpact\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSuccessful exploitation of CVE-2026-28224 results in a denial-of-service condition, rendering the Firebird database server unavailable. This can disrupt applications and services that rely on the database, leading to data access issues, application downtime, and potential data loss if proper backup and recovery mechanisms are not in place. The number of affected organizations depends on the prevalence of vulnerable Firebird versions and their exposure to the network.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"recommendation\"\u003eRecommendation\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUpgrade Firebird servers to versions 5.0.4, 4.0.7, or 3.0.14 or later to patch CVE-2026-28224.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDeploy the Sigma rule \u0026ldquo;Detect Unauthenticated Firebird Crypt Callback\u0026rdquo; to your SIEM to identify potential exploitation attempts targeting this vulnerability.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eImplement network segmentation and access control lists (ACLs) to restrict access to Firebird servers from untrusted networks, mitigating the risk of unauthorized exploitation (network_connection logs).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMonitor network traffic for suspicious \u003ccode\u003eop_crypt_key_callback\u003c/code\u003e packets being sent to Firebird servers, particularly from untrusted sources (network_connection logs).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n","date_modified":"2026-04-18T10:00:00Z","date_published":"2026-04-18T10:00:00Z","id":"/briefs/2026-04-firebird-dos/","summary":"An unauthenticated attacker can trigger a denial-of-service condition on vulnerable Firebird servers by sending a specially crafted op_crypt_key_callback packet, leading to a null pointer dereference and server crash.","title":"Firebird Server Denial-of-Service Vulnerability (CVE-2026-28224)","url":"https://feed.craftedsignal.io/briefs/2026-04-firebird-dos/"},{"_cs_actors":[],"_cs_cves":[{"cvss":9.9,"id":"CVE-2026-40342"}],"_cs_exploited":false,"_cs_products":[],"_cs_severities":["critical"],"_cs_tags":["firebird","path-traversal","code-execution","cve-2026-40342","database"],"_cs_type":"advisory","_cs_vendors":[],"content_html":"\u003cp\u003eFirebird, an open-source relational database management system, is vulnerable to a path traversal flaw (CVE-2026-40342) in versions prior to 5.0.4, 4.0.7, and 3.0.14. This vulnerability resides within the external engine plugin loader. The loader concatenates a user-supplied engine name into a filesystem path without proper sanitization, leaving it open to path traversal attacks. An authenticated user with \u003ccode\u003eCREATE FUNCTION\u003c/code\u003e privileges can craft a malicious \u003ccode\u003eENGINE\u003c/code\u003e name containing path separators and \u003ccode\u003e..\u003c/code\u003e components. This allows them to load an arbitrary shared library from anywhere on the filesystem. The library\u0026rsquo;s initialization code executes immediately upon loading, before Firebird can validate the module, effectively granting code execution under the security context of the server\u0026rsquo;s operating system account. Upgrading to versions 5.0.4, 4.0.7, or 3.0.14 resolves this issue.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"attack-chain\"\u003eAttack Chain\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAttacker authenticates to the Firebird database server with an account possessing \u003ccode\u003eCREATE FUNCTION\u003c/code\u003e privileges.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAttacker crafts a malicious \u003ccode\u003eENGINE\u003c/code\u003e name that includes path traversal sequences (e.g., \u003ccode\u003e../../../../\u003c/code\u003e).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe attacker uses the crafted \u003ccode\u003eENGINE\u003c/code\u003e name in a \u003ccode\u003eCREATE FUNCTION\u003c/code\u003e statement, specifying a path to an arbitrary shared library on the filesystem. For example, \u003ccode\u003eCREATE FUNCTION evil_func RETURNS INTEGER ENGINE '/path/to/evil/../../../../tmp/evil.so'\u003c/code\u003e.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Firebird server\u0026rsquo;s plugin loader concatenates the provided \u003ccode\u003eENGINE\u003c/code\u003e name into a filesystem path without proper validation.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Firebird server attempts to load the shared library from the attacker-controlled path, effectively bypassing intended access controls.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe operating system loads the shared library into the Firebird server\u0026rsquo;s process.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe shared library\u0026rsquo;s initialization code executes immediately, granting the attacker arbitrary code execution within the context of the Firebird server process.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe attacker gains control of the Firebird server\u0026rsquo;s OS account, potentially leading to data exfiltration, system compromise, or denial of service.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"impact\"\u003eImpact\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSuccessful exploitation of this vulnerability allows an attacker to execute arbitrary code on the Firebird server with the privileges of the operating system account running the Firebird service. This can lead to full system compromise, including data exfiltration, modification, or destruction. Given the high CVSS score of 9.9, this vulnerability poses a critical risk to organizations using vulnerable Firebird versions. The impact could range from complete database compromise to lateral movement within the network, depending on the privileges of the Firebird service account.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"recommendation\"\u003eRecommendation\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUpgrade Firebird servers to versions 5.0.4, 4.0.7, or 3.0.14 to patch CVE-2026-40342.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMonitor Firebird server logs for \u003ccode\u003eCREATE FUNCTION\u003c/code\u003e statements with suspicious \u003ccode\u003eENGINE\u003c/code\u003e names containing path traversal sequences, and deploy the Sigma rule \u003ccode\u003eDetect Firebird Create Function Path Traversal\u003c/code\u003e to your SIEM.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eImplement strict access controls to limit \u003ccode\u003eCREATE FUNCTION\u003c/code\u003e privileges to only authorized users, and enable audit logging on all Firebird database servers to monitor user activity.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n","date_modified":"2026-04-17T20:16:35Z","date_published":"2026-04-17T20:16:35Z","id":"/briefs/2026-04-firebird-path-traversal/","summary":"An authenticated user with CREATE FUNCTION privileges can exploit a path traversal vulnerability in Firebird versions prior to 5.0.4, 4.0.7, and 3.0.14, to load an arbitrary shared library leading to code execution as the server's OS account.","title":"Firebird Path Traversal Vulnerability Leads to Code Execution (CVE-2026-40342)","url":"https://feed.craftedsignal.io/briefs/2026-04-firebird-path-traversal/"},{"_cs_actors":[],"_cs_cves":[{"cvss":7.5,"id":"CVE-2026-33337"}],"_cs_exploited":false,"_cs_products":[],"_cs_severities":["critical"],"_cs_tags":["cve-2026-33337","firebird","buffer-overflow","denial-of-service"],"_cs_type":"advisory","_cs_vendors":[],"content_html":"\u003cp\u003eFirebird, a widely used open-source relational database management system, is susceptible to a critical buffer overflow vulnerability. Present in versions prior to 5.0.4, 4.0.7, and 3.0.14, the vulnerability resides within the \u003ccode\u003exdr_datum()\u003c/code\u003e function, responsible for deserializing slice packets. This function fails to adequately validate the length of cstring data against the slice descriptor bounds. Consequently, an attacker can craft a malicious packet containing an oversized cstring, leading to a buffer overflow. An unauthenticated attacker exploiting this vulnerability can send a crafted packet to the Firebird server, potentially causing a denial-of-service condition via a crash or, more seriously, achieving arbitrary code execution on the affected system. Organizations utilizing vulnerable Firebird versions are urged to upgrade to versions 5.0.4, 4.0.7, or 3.0.14 to mitigate this risk.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"attack-chain\"\u003eAttack Chain\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe attacker identifies a Firebird server running a vulnerable version (prior to 5.0.4, 4.0.7, or 3.0.14).\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe attacker crafts a malicious slice packet designed to exploit the \u003ccode\u003exdr_datum()\u003c/code\u003e function\u0026rsquo;s insufficient bounds checking. This packet includes an overly long cstring.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe attacker establishes a network connection to the Firebird server.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe attacker transmits the crafted malicious slice packet to the Firebird server.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe Firebird server\u0026rsquo;s \u003ccode\u003exdr_datum()\u003c/code\u003e function processes the malicious packet without proper cstring length validation.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe oversized cstring overflows the allocated buffer during deserialization.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe buffer overflow corrupts adjacent memory regions, potentially overwriting critical data structures or executable code.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDepending on the overwritten memory, the server either crashes, leading to denial of service, or the attacker achieves arbitrary code execution, enabling them to gain control of the system.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"impact\"\u003eImpact\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSuccessful exploitation of this vulnerability could lead to a denial-of-service condition due to a server crash, disrupting database services and impacting applications reliant on the Firebird database. In a more severe scenario, an attacker could gain arbitrary code execution on the server, allowing them to potentially steal sensitive data, compromise the integrity of the database, or use the compromised server as a launchpad for further attacks within the network. While specific victim counts are unavailable, the widespread use of Firebird implies a significant potential impact across various sectors.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"recommendation\"\u003eRecommendation\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eImmediately upgrade Firebird servers to versions 5.0.4, 4.0.7, or 3.0.14 to patch CVE-2026-33337 and eliminate the buffer overflow vulnerability.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDeploy the Sigma rule \u0026ldquo;Detect Firebird Slice Packet Overflow Attempt\u0026rdquo; to identify potential exploitation attempts based on anomalous network traffic patterns.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMonitor network traffic for connections to Firebird servers originating from unexpected or untrusted sources to detect potential reconnaissance or exploitation attempts. Enable network connection logging to support this monitoring.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n","date_modified":"2026-04-17T19:16:36Z","date_published":"2026-04-17T19:16:36Z","id":"/briefs/2026-04-firebird-overflow/","summary":"Firebird versions before 5.0.4, 4.0.7, and 3.0.14 are vulnerable to a buffer overflow in the xdr_datum() function during slice packet deserialization, enabling unauthenticated attackers to cause a crash or potentially achieve arbitrary code execution by sending a malicious packet.","title":"Firebird Database Server Slice Packet Deserialization Buffer Overflow","url":"https://feed.craftedsignal.io/briefs/2026-04-firebird-overflow/"},{"_cs_actors":[],"_cs_cves":[{"cvss":7.9,"id":"CVE-2025-65104"}],"_cs_exploited":false,"_cs_products":[],"_cs_severities":["medium"],"_cs_tags":["cve-2025-65104","information-leak","firebird"],"_cs_type":"advisory","_cs_vendors":[],"content_html":"\u003cp\u003eCVE-2025-65104 describes an information leak vulnerability affecting the Firebird open-source relational database management system. The vulnerability exists within the FB3 versions of the client library. When an FB3 client communicates with a Firebird FB4 or higher server, the client library incorrectly places data length values into the XSQLDA (SQL Data Area) fields. This incorrect handling of data lengths can result in an information leak, potentially exposing sensitive data to an attacker with local access. The vulnerability was reported in April 2026. The recommended solution is to upgrade the client library to FB4 or a later version. This vulnerability is significant because it could allow unauthorized access to sensitive information stored within the Firebird database.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"attack-chain\"\u003eAttack Chain\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003col\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAttacker gains local access to a system with a Firebird FB3 client library installed.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAttacker identifies a Firebird FB4 or higher server to target.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eAttacker crafts a malicious SQL query or uses an existing application to interact with the server.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe FB3 client library processes the query and prepares the XSQLDA structure.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eDue to the vulnerability, the FB3 client library places incorrect data length values into the XSQLDA fields.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe server responds with data, and the client uses the incorrect length values to interpret the response.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe attacker leverages the incorrect data length values to extract more data than intended, leading to an information leak.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eThe attacker exfiltrates the leaked information.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"impact\"\u003eImpact\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eSuccessful exploitation of CVE-2025-65104 results in an information leak. An attacker with local access can potentially extract sensitive data from a Firebird database server. While the exact impact depends on the data stored, it could include user credentials, financial data, or other confidential information. This could lead to further compromise of systems and data. The vulnerability exists because of incorrect data length calculations when FB3 clients communicate with FB4+ servers, which highlights the importance of maintaining up-to-date client libraries.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2 id=\"recommendation\"\u003eRecommendation\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cul\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eUpgrade all Firebird client libraries to version FB4 or higher to remediate CVE-2025-65104 as recommended by the vendor.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eMonitor network connections and process creations involving \u003ccode\u003efbclient.dll\u003c/code\u003e or \u003ccode\u003elibfbclient.so\u003c/code\u003e (depending on the OS) to detect suspicious activity related to Firebird database interactions.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003cli\u003eImplement the Sigma rule provided below to detect suspicious process execution related to Firebird clients.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ul\u003e\n","date_modified":"2026-04-17T18:16:30Z","date_published":"2026-04-17T18:16:30Z","id":"/briefs/2026-04-firebird-xsqlda-leak/","summary":"Firebird FB3 client library incorrectly handles data lengths when communicating with FB4+ servers, leading to an information leak exploitable by a local attacker.","title":"Firebird FB3 Client Library Information Leak (CVE-2025-65104)","url":"https://feed.craftedsignal.io/briefs/2026-04-firebird-xsqlda-leak/"}],"language":"en","title":"CraftedSignal Threat Feed — Firebird","version":"https://jsonfeed.org/version/1.1"}