Attack Chain

1. The attacker identifies a NiceGUI application that uses the ui.restructured_text() function.
2. The attacker finds an input field (e.g., form field, query parameter) that passes data to ui.restructured_text().
3. The attacker crafts malicious reStructuredText content containing a file inclusion directive, such as .. include:: /etc/passwd.
4. The attacker injects the malicious payload into the identified input field.
5. The NiceGUI server processes the reStructuredText content via Docutils, rendering the injected directive.
6. Docutils reads the specified local file (/etc/passwd in this example) from the server’s filesystem.
7. The content of the file is embedded into the generated HTML output.
8. The attacker views the application, revealing the contents of the targeted local file in the HTML.

Impact

Successful exploitation of this vulnerability (CVE-2026-45553) allows an attacker to read arbitrary files on the server’s filesystem, provided the NiceGUI server process has the necessary permissions. This can lead to the disclosure of sensitive information, including application configuration files (.env), database credentials, API keys, session secrets, OAuth credentials, Docker/Kubernetes secrets, and application source code. The vulnerability can result in significant confidentiality loss and potentially compromise the entire application or infrastructure. Applications are only vulnerable when they pass untrusted or user-controlled reStructuredText input to the ui.restructured_text() function.

Recommendation

• Upgrade to NiceGUI version 3.11.2 or later, which includes the recommended fix to disable unsafe Docutils features.
• Deploy the Sigma rule Detect NiceGUI RCE Attempts via Restructured Text to monitor for exploitation attempts by detecting the presence of file inclusion directives in HTTP requests to NiceGUI applications.
• Apply the remediation steps outlined in the advisory (https://github.com/advisories/GHSA-jfrm-rx66-g536) which disables file insertion and raw directives in the Docutils configuration.
• If upgrading is not immediately feasible, sanitize user-supplied input before passing it to ui.restructured_text() to remove or escape potentially malicious reStructuredText directives.