An unauthenticated remote attacker can exploit this by submitting malformed XML payloads to an application leveraging these decoders. If successfully exploited, this allows the attacker to read arbitrary local files accessible to the service, conduct server-side request forgery (SSRF) against internal services, or trigger a denial-of-service condition via excessive entity expansion. This vulnerability affects any Scala application utilizing the library for processing untrusted XML inputs.

Impact

Successful exploitation allows for the exfiltration of sensitive local files from the application server, unauthorized interaction with internal network resources (SSRF), and system instability through resource exhaustion. This impacts any environment using http4s-scala-xml to process user-supplied XML data.

Recommendation

• Upgrade to a non-vulnerable version of http4s-scala-xml immediately.
• If an upgrade is not immediately feasible, override the ElemInstances#saxFactory with a hardened configuration that explicitly disables DTD loading and external entity processing using the javax.xml.parsers.SAXParserFactory feature flags (e.g., http://apache.org/xml/features/disallow-doctype-decl).
• Implement input validation for any XML endpoints to detect and reject payloads containing DOCTYPE declarations.
• Audit application logs for abnormal outgoing network traffic from the web service process, which may indicate attempted SSRF exploitation via CVE-2026-61741.